CPA Exam Lab
All patterns
Changes and events

Change or Error

Principle is retrospective, estimate is prospective, and an error is a restatement through beginning retained earnings.

How the exam words it

The playbook

  1. 1Name the bucket: change in principle, change in estimate, change in entity, or error correction.
  2. 2Principle changes apply retrospectively, with the cumulative effect in opening retained earnings; estimate changes apply prospectively over current and future periods.
  3. 3A depreciation method change is a change in estimate effected by a change in principle: prospective.
  4. 4Errors are prior period adjustments: restate prior periods and adjust beginning retained earnings net of tax.

The trap

Treating a change in depreciation method as retrospective. It is a change in estimate effected by a change in principle and is handled prospectively.

How the exam varies it

The same pattern, re-skinned along these axes:

Principle versus estimate versus errorName the treatment versus compute the adjustment or the new expenseGross versus net-of-tax adjustment

Drill this pattern

8 questions of Change or Error from across the AUD topics. Clear it by getting 5 right with a streak of 3.

Shows up in 2 FAR topics